PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES (PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM)

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): A digital modulation technique where an analog signal (green waveform) is sampled at regular intervals using a clock signal (purple waveform), quantized into discrete steps (orange staircase waveform), and encoded into binary. The setup includes waveform generators, a sampling and encoding block, and a 7-segment display to show the binary output in decimal form, visualizing the real-time digital representation of the analog signal. #ElectronicsEducation #electronics