In the middle diffusivity state, the fluid exhibited similar turbulence levels to that of Newtonian fluids, like water, with a moderate Reynolds shear stress and heat transfer.

Working out this profile for laminar flow is relatively straightforward. It just involves calculating the shear stress across the pipe caused by the variation in the fluid’s velocity, resulting in a ...

Imagine a liquid that flows freely one moment, then stiffens into a near-solid the next, and then can switch back with a ...

Turbulent Flow When the flow is turbulent, the flow contains eddying motions of all sizes, and a large part of the mechanical energy in the flow goes into the formation of these eddies which ...

One factor that determines how easily an atherosclerotic plaque forms is the shear stress that the blood flow puts on the walls of the blood vessels, with low shear stress (LSS) and oscillatory ...

Many other flow types have transitions that are tricky to analyze, such as boundary layers, Couette flow, and other shear-driven flows.