These thin strands of glass are a scientific breakthrough that has made it possible for us to connect with anyone around the ...

Light doesn’t just travel in straight lines—it can also twist. And when it does, it opens new frontiers in science and ...

Controlling film thickness to precise specifications is essential for ensuring high yield in high-performance devices.

I have confidently helped patients navigate the IOL selection process for both cataract surgery and refractive lens exchange.Like all surgeons, I consider several factors, including patients’ ocular ...

This is called refraction. The frequency of light does not change as it refracts. The refractive index of a material is a measure of the change in the speed of light as it passes from a vacuum (or ...

Learn about the science behind thin strands of glass that have made it possible for us to communicate with anyone around the ...

We can also use wavelengths to calculate refractive index. By substituting \(v_{1}=f\lambda _{1}\) and \(v_{2}=f\lambda _{2}\) into \(n=\frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}}\) then ...

The top layer of liquid is pure water while the bottom layer is concentrated sugar water. In these layers, there is no change in refractive index and no bending of light. In the middle, a gradient ...