Additionally, the high-temperature fabrication process of the material often leads to oxygen atom loss, creating positively charged "trap zones" that capture electrons ... Their stable valence ...

These surfaces can "borrow" oxygen atoms from ... structure of the palladium (Pd) atom. The CeO 2 material helps by acting as an electron reservoir, providing electrons to stabilize the Pd atoms ...

Additionally, the high-temperature fabrication process of the material often leads to oxygen atom loss, creating positively charged "trap zones" that capture electrons. Liu's team addressed these ...