The genetic code acts as life’s instruction manual, telling cells how to build proteins from DNA and RNA. Though it's a ...

The changes and variations in genetic code that occur over time are referred to as "molecular evolution." The molecular evolution of an organism can be very different from its morphological (body ...

The neutral theory of molecular evolution (Kimura 1983) explains this pattern by proposing that most mutations do not have an effect on the fitness of an organism. Under this model, fixed DNA ...

The Niswander lab investigates novel mouse models of embryonic development with the overarching ... growth factors and signal transduction; mouse molecular genetics; muscular dystrophies and ...

Published in PNAS, the work argues that current models misrepresent the order ... call into question decades of assumptions about molecular evolution. “The genetic code is nearly optimal for ...