Aim: (1) To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of treatment using nebulizers vs pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) with or without a spacer/holding chamber vs dry powder inhalers (DPIs ...

Don't brush the spacer if you use one with your dry ... and taking care of them is more involved than taking care of HFA/MDI or dry powdered inhalers. Before doing so, wash your hands thoroughly.

A mandate to phase out CFC as a propellant due to environmental concerns [4] provided the impetus to develop new inhaler technologies ... also contains a built-in spacer. The lower oropharyngeal ...