from which an optimized freeze-drying cycle can be developed. The LMC is based on the steady-state heat and mass transfer model of primary drying developed by Dr. Michael Pikal with modifications by ...

A RECENT communication 1 discusses the freeze-drying process as conducted with the pressure of permanent gas, and the vapour pressure of the ice on the condenser, maintained at very low levels.

[The Thought Emporium] built his own freeze ... from ice to dry without a soggy step. When you jump the liquid phase, objects hold their shape when they were frozen, and since no heat is used ...