"As a major portion of typical concrete is coarse aggregate, replacing all of this with used tire rubber can significantly reduce the consumption of natural resources and also address the major ...

"Coarse aggregates, such as crushed rock and gravel, make up most of a given concrete volume. The mining, processing and transportation operations for these aggregates consume large amounts of ...

Coconut shells are a waste product that can replace coarse aggregates in concrete up to 10%, maintaining strength. They improve thermal insulation, density, and acoustics, although reducing ...