The Indian Ocean Dipole index Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phases are driven by changes in the tropical Indian Ocean. Sustained changes in the difference between normal sea surface temperatures in the ...

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is defined by the difference in sea surface temperatures between the eastern and western tropical Indian Ocean. The influence of the IOD varies in conjunction with other ...

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) — a significant ocean phenomenon that affects India’s weather systems — and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) — with its warm ( El Niño) and cool (La Niña) phases — ...

The Indian Ocean "gravity hole" is a region where Earth's mass is reduced, leading to weak gravitational pull, lower-than-average sea levels and a puzzle scientists have only just begun to solve.

BOM climate manager Karl Braganza said at the time both El Niño and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole tend to draw rain away from Australia.

El Nino likely to peak Nov-Jan; models indicate further warming of Pacific. Positive IOD to bring rains to India, but could be offset by El Nino. CPC & BoM forecast El Nino to persist till Feb '24 ...

Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) likely to develop Sep-Dec, bringing relief to India with improved rains. BoM predicts warmer, drier conditions for Australia. El Nino Alert continues, SSTs above ...

BoM senior climatologist Catherine Ganter explained that, with an El Niño weather event expected, the addition of a positive Indian Ocean Dipole could mean even drier conditions than would occur ...

Ocean temperature readings are pointing to a weather pattern that was a major factor in Australia's disastrous Black Summer bushfires of 2019.