1987. Precolonial Black Africa. Westport Connecticut: Lawrence Hill and Company. Gharvi, Tina. 2023. “‘Queen Cleopatra’ Director Speaks Out: ‘What Bothers You So Much about a Black Cleopatra?’” ...

“Is she Black?” A Roman noblewoman asks her friend about Cleopatra in Cecil B DeMille’s garish Hollywood epic starring Oscar winner Claudette Colbert as the titular Egyptian monarc ...

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"[Cleopatra] was an African woman ... before British colonialism so she was a Black woman," he said. "It reminds me of old cowboy movies where the White guy kisses an Indian girl, but in reality ...