In these semiconductors, that polarity can flip under an electric field—and stay that way even after the field is gone.

Chemical bonding refers to the attraction between atoms and can come in several different types with varying strength. It allows the formation of substances with more than one atomic component and ...

Electronegativity, an essential characteristic of all elements in the periodic table, measures an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself within a chemical bond. This vital theoretical ...

Bonding and properties of materials Only the noble gases exist as individual atoms not bonded to other atoms. In all other substances atoms are held together by chemical bonds, either sharing or ...

The opposite is true if we want to make new bonds. Energy is released when new chemical bonds are formed, so bond making is an exothermic process. Breaking or making the same chemical bond will ...

Ken Wade recalls his own undistinguished part in the space race, and notes how carboranes revitalized boron hydride chemistry and modified our ideas of chemical bonding. In the 1950s, during the ...