Women are around 50% more likely than men to develop COPD, the umbrella term for chronic lung conditions, such as emphysema ...

The rate curves for women show later peak death rates ... history it was employed almost exclusively in the form of pipe or cigar smoking, with snuff enjoying wide use during the reign of Victoria.

One surprising finding was that many women with COPD had never smoked cigarettes—26.5% of women with COPD had never smoked, ...