The smart blind stick utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles within a range of up to 2 meters and provides feedback to the user in multiple forms to alert them of nearby obstacles.

The below circuit diagram shows the complete hardware wiring setup of the Arduino-based Smart Walking Stick for the Blind people, detailing how the Arduino Nano, Ultrasonic sensors, Buzzer, and Led ...

To avoid obstacles a HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor mounted on a SG90 Servo continuously scans the area. Manual control is by a GUI implemented with a Bluetooth HC-05 Module and the BlueDisplay library.