A streamlined body looks like a fish, or an airfoil at small angles of attack ... Boundary layer profiles for laminar and turbulent flow. The boundary layer over the front face of a sphere or cylinder ...

For the wing’s airfoil, Bellanca chose the NACA ... the committee anticipated would provide natural laminar flow—the perfect non-turbulent passage of air over the forward portion of a wing ...

In a BFS flow, turbulence results in a separated shear layer, which is highly unstable due to the hydrodynamic instabilities. These instabilities generate turbulent eddies, producing turbulent ...

Kolmogorov’s “scaling law” describes how energy is distributed across different scales in a turbulent flow. To measure it in a static painting, researchers had to devise a method to measure ...

laminar-to-turbulent transition, airfoil design (low-pressure turbine and low Reynolds number wings), unsteady aerodynamics (turbomachinery and airdrop systems), bio-fluid flows, and flow control.

In this state, the main flow of fluid exhibited a wavelike meandering motion, oscillating only vertically, perpendicular to the wall, which significantly boosted the heat transfer efficiency.