Stress, blue light exposure, and inconsistent sleep cycles are the leading causes of melatonin synthesis problems ... melatonin is a hormone that the pineal gland in the brain naturally produces.

The pineal gland responds to light and dark and secretes melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. Deep in the brain are four open areas with passageways between them.

A thematic synthesis approach was applied to analyze and formulate overarching themes. Results: Among 421 extracted articles, four expert opinions met the inclusion criteria. Six overarching themes ...

Kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal death is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Melatonin is known to protect hippocampal neurons from KA-induced apoptosis, but the exact mechanisms ...