The October Manifesto and elected Duma brought political reform. Many Russians were given more rights. At the same time the army, Okhrana and other groups were used to suppress revolutionary groups.

The FLQ’s October 1970 Manifesto, delivered 50 years ago this month, is one of the best ever written polemical pieces in Canadian history.It stands somewhere in the literary pantheon with the Co ...

In October 1970, the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) sparked a nationwide crisis by kidnapping British diplomat James Cross and Quebec Deputy Premier Pierre Laporte, whom they later murdered.

Demonstration on October 30 (17), 1905, by Ilya Repin. The State Russian Museum The manifesto ended the revolutionary activities of 1905 and effectively made Russia a constitutional monarchy.

But at the height of the October Crisis, the FLQ did succeed in one lasting achievement: its manifesto was broadcast across the country on the public broadcaster's airwaves.