The material utilized in this study was VP 50 tool steel, characterized by a bainitic/martensitic microstructure. As noted in [27], this is a precipitation-hardened steel with a hardness of ...

1. INTRODUCTION Metastable austenitic SS of the AISI 300 series can undergo a deformation-induced martensitic (DIM) transformation: the gamma-austenite phase transforms to epsilon-martensite and to ...

A procedure is given which utilizes the digital computer to solve eddy current loss and hysteresis loss problems. The relationship between flux density and magnetic intensity is taken from the actual ...

In the intelligent manufacturing domain, defects identification (e.g., microscopic cracks) of the steel surface is essential to reduce the propagation of failure, and improve the reliability of ...