All equations crystallize something important about the universe, whether it be the relationship between mass and energy, the gravitational attraction between two bodies or the sides of a triangle.

The first Friedmann equation is the most important of the two, since it's the most easy and straightforward to tie to observations. On one side, you have the equivalent of the expansion rate ...

In doing so, they tapped into a major open question about one of the oldest and most fundamental kinds of equations in mathematics ... at the time one of the most important unsolved problems in number ...

Argentina-born mathematician Luis Caffarelli has won the 2023 Abel Prize — one of the most coveted awards in mathematics — for his work on equations that are important for describing physical ...