There are two layers of inguinal lymph nodes located below the inguinal ligament, which runs from the ilium’s anterior superior iliac spine (the front-most portion of the ilium, the largest ...

external iliac or presacral lymph node) N2 Single lymph node metastasis, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest ...

Lumbar lymph nodes refer to a group of small organs ... inferior vena cava and an artery known as the aorta. The common iliac nodes and lymphatic vessels found on the backside of the abdominal ...

also showed that extended lymphadenectomy (removal of common iliac, presciatic and presacral nodes) was associated with higher perioperative morbidity and mortality compared with standard ...

They will then travel to either of the following lymph nodes: the internal iliac lymph nodes the superficial inguinal lymph nodes From these lymph nodes, the cancer cells can spread to distant organs.

The standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy template includes the external and internal iliac and obturator nodes, with removal of a minimum of 12 lymph nodes. Survival outcomes are superior ...

Firstly, the number of lymph nodes removed should be based on findings ... along the medial and lateral borders of the internal iliac vessels, and not only along the external iliac vessels and ...

Figure 1: Boundaries of extended lymph node dissection and subdivision ... LND need extended dissection, including nodes along the internal iliac artery. Only patients with a PSA level of less ...