Systolic murmurs can be classified as either midsystolic (systolic ejection murmurs, or SEM), holosystolic (pansystolic) or late systolic. A midsystolic murmur begins just after the S1 heart sound ...

Systolic murmurs can be classified as either midsystolic (aka systolic ejection murmurs or SEM), holosystolic (pansystolic), or late systolic. A midsystolic murmur begins just after the S1 heart ...

The 30th murmur was holosystolic and loudest at the apex, with radiation to the axilla. Ninety seconds later, the holosystolic murmur has returned. A fourth heart sound (S4) appears after amyl ...

Otherwise, this clinically resembles mitral stenosis. Tricuspid insufficiency is a harsh, holosystolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border. This murmur can radiate to the axilla in ...

A 56-year-old man with no history of cardiac disease and no cardiac symptoms has a holosystolic murmur at the apex that radiates to the axilla. Echocardiography shows moderate mitral regurgitation ...

For example, we may go through the defining aspects of the differential for a holosystolic murmur, and the clinical scenarios in which we might hear them. That's where we are performing a ...

Once these two things have been established the murmurs can be further characterised based on how they sound e.g. musical, how long they last (i.e. are they just heard between the heart sounds as in a ...

Cardiac auscultation found a 3/6 holosystolic murmur heard best over the apex. Neurologic examination was normal except for a subtle expressive aphasia. Vascular examination of the extremities was ...