As France hands back another base in Africa, experts question the future of its security cooperation on the continent and ...

Following the ignominious end in 2022 of Barkhane, the multi-country anti-terrorism operation it launched at Mali’s request ...

The move in Ivory Coast comes just a week after Paris agreed to withdraw troops from neighboring Senegal by the end of the ...

Others have called it a neo-colonial tool of the French. In August 2015, former Chadian President Idris Deby, in an independence anniversary speech, called for change: “We must have the courage to say ...

People in Africa ... accepted as French citizens. To fall below the required level was to invite charges of racial inferiority. France encouraged an increasing closeness with her colonies on ...

Seven former French colonies have changed their cooperation ... Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire – long considered French allies in Africa – marks a significant shift. Chad has played a central ...

French military foothold in Senegal, the first in General Burkhard’s list of four former colonies where the last ... important French neocolony in West Africa,” addedEkissi.

Vivan Steemers, associate professor and advisor of French in the Department of World Languages ... the two decades preceding and following the independence of former French colonies in West Africa.

The common CFA franc currency, used by former French colonies in West and Central Africa, has been a big point of controversy. The currency, created in colonial times, is pegged to the French-used ...

The CFA franc (Franc des Colonies Francais d’Afrique) was introduced in 1945, well before France’s decolonization in the late ...

The retreat, which comes amid increasing budget pressure and political upheaval in Paris, is another sign that France’s ...

Seven former French colonies have changed their cooperation ... Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire - long considered French allies in Africa - marks a significant shift. Chad has played a central role ...