So-called invertebrates aren’t categorized by their lack of spine, so much as their approach to the anus. [Related: Watch beetles shoot hot chemicals from their butts to escape toad bellies ] Or ...

Ancient retroviruses played a key role in the evolution of vertebrate brains. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 2, 2025 from www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2024 / 02 / 240215113551.htm.

Worms radically reorganized their genomes during their move from sea to land, supporting the theory of punctuated equilibrium in evolution.

The evolutionary history of colour and vision has been closely intertwined over the last 500 million years, leading to a dazzling diversity of colours and visual systems in marine invertebrates.

However, the vertebrate gut microbiota is different from free-living communities that are not associated with animal body habitats. ... T. A. Fecal methanogens and vertebrate evolution.

Darwin saw the evolution of the vertebrate eye as one of the biggest challenges for his theory. Lamb and colleagues integrate molecular and morphological evidence across different taxa and propose ...