This ruling reshapes how digital businesses operate and users engage with them, marking a broader shift toward open, direct-to-consumer ecosystems.

Developers including Amazon and Spotify have been able to update their apps to avoid Apple's 15% to 30% commission.

A three-judge appeals panel rejected Apple’s request to pause an April 30 order banning the company from charging a fee on in-app iPhone transactions processed outside its once-exclusive payment system in a two-page decision issued late Thursday.