Since the discovery of c-di-GMP almost three decades ago, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have emerged as widely used signaling molecules in most kingdoms of life. The family of second messengers now ...

Figure 1: Crystal structure of the soluble portion of the CL-CNBD of HCN4 in complex with cGMP. Docking experiments showed that c-di-GMP would not bind the CLP of other isoforms, such as HCN1 and ...

The 2024 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research is awarded to Zhijian (James) Chen for his landmark discoveries that explain how DNA stimulates immune responses. DNA is best known as ...

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have central roles in bacterial homeostasis and virulence by acting as nucleotide second messengers. Bacterial CDNs also elicit immune responses during infection when they ...

The study, published in Cell, reveals how cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), synthesized during the activation of the cyclic oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS) immune mechanism ...

This is part of a series on Covid-19 and inflammation related to severe disease and Long Covid. When an individual is first exposed to Covid-19, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) proteins ...

Although cGAMP and other cyclic dinucleotides bind strongly to the center of the butterfly-shaped ligand-binding domain, the challenge with treating Covid-19 with cyclic dinucleotides is that ...

Located in the ER, STING is activated upon binding to cyclic dinucleotides like cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), produced by the enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in response to cytoplasmic DNA detection.

Cyclic dinucleotides are crucial signaling molecules in the immune response to pathogens but are notoriously difficult to measure with current methodology. Using a newly developed cyclic dinucleotide ...

They examined their effects on viral infection under microscopy and identified nine candidates -- including two cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) -- that significantly suppressed infection by activating ...

Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides, activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but concerns over poor cytosolic entry, serum stability and systemic toxicity have been major limitations for ...

Natural agonists, such as cyclic dinucleotides, activate the cGAS-STING pathway, but concerns over poor cytosolic entry, serum stability and systemic toxicity have been major limitations for clinical ...