After the initial photon absorption events, numerous signaling pathways are activated via reactive oxygen species, cyclic AMP, NO, and Ca2+, leading to activation of transcription factors.

Phosphodiesterases (PDE) degrade cAMP and thereby regulate the duration and intensity of cAMP signaling. EPAC function in a PKA-independent manner and represents a novel mechanism for governing ...

A new study published in Biochemistry sheds light on how bacteria regulate their genes, challenging long-held assumptions ...

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the most studied signaling molecules that plays a critical role in cellular responses to extracellular stimuli in the cardiovascular system. It ...

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against infection, and a successful immune defense takes a ...

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the most studied signaling molecules that plays a critical role in cellular responses to extracellular stimuli in the cardiovascular system.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction pathway is critical in innate immunity, infection, and inflammation. In response to pathogenic microbial infections and ...

One of the actions elicited by (Gαs) signaling is the production of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP. In the brains of people with depression, cyclic AMP is low; but with effective ...

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many biological processes but little is known regarding its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor ...

A newfound signaling pathway employs a GGDEF enzyme with unique activity compared to the majority of homologs associated with bacterial cyclic di-GMP signaling. This system provides a rare opportunity ...