One of us (PMAS) remembers his first chemistry lecture at high school in January 1959 when the focus was on the periodic table and he was told about core electrons and valence electrons ... now using ...

Aluminum prices remain sideways amidst market uncertainty and the possibility of new tariffs. North American aluminum demand rose in 2024, driven by domestic supply. Guinea's halt on bauxite ...

Valence electrons with quantum properties are also expected to exhibit emergent phenomena, making these crystals essential for studying novel material functionalities. However, the extent to which ...

Stefanie Waldek is a space, travel, and design journalist with expertise in aviation, meteorology, and polar regions. She was a former editor at Architectural Digest, TripAdvisor, and ArtNews.