In the age of robotics, automation, and precision engineering, success isn’t just about speed—it’s about accuracy. At the core of many advanced motion control systems lies a component that rarely ...

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs ( Volume: 67 , Issue: 4 , April 2020 ) ...

Linear optical encoders with a nano-resolution have been widely applied in various precision engineering fields for displacement feedback supporting micro/nano motions regulated by feedback control ...