TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

A network reference model helps the users understand the functions of communication software which relate to network product development activities. It also provides the basic scheme for creating ...

This course is designed to convey the essentials of data communication and networking. This includes an understanding of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), TCP/IP and Internet models. It covers ...