Within the ribosome, the mRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA complexes are held together closely, which facilitates base-pairing ... mRNA is located between the first nucleotide that is transcribed and ...

With base substitution mutations, only a single nucleotide within a gene sequence ... occurs during translation because ribosomes read the mRNA strand in terms of codons, or groups of three ...

Mutations can occur when adenine is altered or mismatched with other bases. For example ... It consists of an adenine nucleotide joined to a nicotinamide nucleotide. NAD + acts as an electron carrier ...