Change of valence of ion species due to femtosecond radiation: The valence of various rare earth ions, such as Sm, which have important optical properties, could be modified by exposing to femtosecond ...

Heavy-ion therapy, one of the most advanced radiotherapy techniques, has proven to be more effective than conventional X-rays ...

A little water helps expose the sodium so it can react with the chlorine gas. The reaction releases a lot of heat as the ionic compound sodium chloride is formed. A sodium and chlorine atom are near ...