They have helped link charge ordering to superconductivity and to explore quantum spin liquids, where electron spins remain ...

By comparing the valence electron arrangement identified in this study with previously reported spin liquids and superconductors, significant similarities were discovered.

When a laser pulse strikes a thin metallic film, it excites electrons from the valence band—such as the d-band in copper or gold—into conduction band states, thereby creating a non-equilibrium ...