In the Philippines, it occurs in at least several communities ... to adulthood*, that they can begin studying the Qur-an.”) The belief that this rite of passage has basis in religion has justified its ...

Soldiers must not only display courage and skill in their duty but also the willingness to set aside their interests for the ...

During these three interrelated rites of passage, a group or age-set of Maasai boys pass together from being children to being morans (warriors), then adults and then elders. Enkipaata is a ...

These rites of passage were often extended ... which still exist today in many cultures including the Philippines, would include pain as in circumcision and rules around enduring the pain.