Pope Nicholas II overhauled the process in 1059 to give cardinals the vote, establishing the church’s independence from nobility. He allowed for the possibility that “the perversity of ...

It's generally accepted that the papal election process as we currently recognize it began with Pope Nicholas II, the 155th pope, who in 1059 issued a landmark bull, or edict, that contained major ...

The election of a new pope underwent changes in the papal bull (a public decree from a pope) of 1058, written by Pope Nicholas II, which established the practice of having cardinal-bishops be the ...

The first official rules date back to 1059, when Pope Nicholas II gave the right to elect the pope exclusively to the cardinals. Before that, it was a messy blend of Roman clergy, nobility, and ...

Pope Nicholas II overhauled the process in 1059 to give cardinals the vote, establishing the church’s independence from nobility. He allowed for the possibility that “the perversity of ...

It was not until the 11th century that Pope Nicholas II formulated a process for selecting a new pope: election by an assembly of cardinals. However, ...

It's generally accepted that the papal election process as we currently recognize it began with Pope Nicholas II, the 155th pope, who in 1059 issued a landmark bull, or edict, ...