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Papal elections aren't always as dramatic as 'Conclave,' but the history behind the process is, says historianTo salvage the electoral system from internal and external chaos, Pope Nicholas II decreed in 1059 that popes should be selected by men of the cloth—namely, cardinal-bishops. Up to then ...
In 1059, Pope Nicholas II decreed only cardinals would primarily elect the pope, laying the groundwork for the formal role of the College of Cardinals. This shift marked the beginning of a more ...
Born in about 1100, he became Pope for four and half years in 1154. Nicholas Breakspear was the son of an educated but poor man. He was a Saxon and was not admitted to the Abbey at St Albans a few ...
Born in about 1100, he became Pope for four and half years in 1154. Nicholas Breakspear was the son of an educated but poor man. He was a Saxon and was not admitted to the Abbey at St Albans a few ...
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