Ferrite (α), is the crystal arrangement for pure iron ... introduces large surface tensile stresses and may cause quench cracking. However, when medium carbon steels are alloyed with elements such as ...

it contains a manganese content between 0.60 to 1.65 wt.%. Improving the mechanical properties of medium-carbon steel involves heat treatment via austenitizing (heating steel to a temperature at which ...

In low-temperature ferrite, or BCC structure, however, there is no room for carbon atoms. What happens to these carbon atoms determines many of the properties of iron and steel. For example ...