from which an optimized freeze-drying cycle can be developed. The LMC is based on the steady-state heat and mass transfer model of primary drying developed by Dr. Michael Pikal with modifications by ...

Learn the principles and processes of pharmaceutical freeze-drying. The curriculum is composed of a series of modules designed to help students and professionals develop a foundational knowledge of ...

[The Thought Emporium] built his own freeze ... from ice to dry without a soggy step. When you jump the liquid phase, objects hold their shape when they were frozen, and since no heat is used ...