In words, this says Y is a function of X. Y is thought of as the dependent variable and X as the independent variable. Let’s ...

The experimental tractability of biological systems makes it possible to explore the idea that causal relationships can be estimated from observational data. “Happy is he who is able to know the ...

Often several factors cause an event to occur. 4. Now that your students have identified some of the causes for these historical events, ask them to identify some of the effects. What impact did ...