The boundary layer over the front face of a sphere or cylinder is laminar at lower Reynolds numbers, and turbulent at higher Reynolds numbers. When it is laminar (Re 10^5), separation starts almost as ...

Separation and Wakes ... For instance, in the flow through a large duct where the boundary layers are very thin, viscous effects are confined to a rather small region, and the fluid friction may ...

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). It is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behavior is directly influenced by its contact with the ...

Figure 1: Separation of length scales between small and giant dunes for the different wind regimes. in the limit of large . The river case is recovered for and N = 0. Consequently, aeolian giant ...

When aircraft begin to vibrate in flight, things get uncomfortable – or even dangerous in the worst case. Two of the most well-known types of such oscillations are flutter and buffeting. Traditionally ...

New measurements from 15 seismic stations buried in the snow across Antarctica have revealed that this weird boundary layer, nearly 2,000 miles deep, may have once been part of the surface.