Asphalt binder is refined from ... or do not put them together correctly, or do not design the pavement structure for the ...

SC 544’s existing 4-in. to 5-in. asphalt layer was worn on top, but underneath, the road base was in good condition despite the fact that it was constructed at different times and of various ...

The CFIPR design specified an average oil content of 3 percent and cement content additive of 1.5 percent. The average existing asphalt depth of the old road surface varied from 4 to 5 inches.